How Does An Amortization Schedule Work With Prepaying Home Loan Principal

I printed out year amortization schedule for my $ 57,000 dollar 30 yr. home loan. If I add up The First 10 payments of principal ONLY It Comes to $ 467.00. If I send a check for The Bank Amount for this principal I Have Just Reduced by 10 my loan payments? Would my first regular monthly payment Then Be The principal and interest payment Shown is # 11?
I'm Just Trying to figure out how to keep track of my principal prepayment is for my own records Amounts. Thanks